Las oraciones de relativo en inglés: cómo usar who, which, that y where 🔗

Una oración de relativo especificativa da información esencial sobre un nombre - nos dice de qué persona, cosa o lugar estamos hablando. Sin esta oración, la frase pierde su significado o queda poco clara. La conectamos a la oración principal con un pronombre relativo: who, which, that o where. 🎯

1. Qué pronombre relativo usar 📋

Pronombre	Se usa para	Ejemplo
who	Personas	The teacher who taught me Spanish was from Mexico. ✅
which	Cosas y animales	The book which I recommended is on the shelf. ✅
that	Personas O cosas (informal)	The film that everyone is talking about is amazing. ✅
where	Lugares	The café where we met is now closed. ✅

2. Cómo construir una oración de relativo especificativa 🔧

La oración de relativo especificativa va inmediatamente después del nombre que describe. Piensa en ello como combinar dos oraciones en una:

• I have a friend. + She speaks four languages. → I have a friend who speaks four languages. ✅
• I lost my phone. + I bought it last week. → I lost the phone that I bought last week. ✅
• She works in a hospital. + People go there for surgery. → She works in a hospital where people go for surgery. ✅

3. That vs which vs who 🔍

• that puede sustituir tanto a who como a which en oraciones especificativas - es muy común en el inglés hablado.
• who es solo para personas - nunca para cosas.
• which es solo para cosas - nunca para personas.
• where es solo para lugares - nunca uses which o who para lugares.

4. Errores comunes ⚠️

✅ Correcto	❌ Incorrecto
The man who called you is outside.	The man which called you is outside.
The bag which I lost had my keys in it.	The bag who I lost had my keys in it.
The town where I grew up is very small.	The town which I grew up is very small.
She is the person who helped me most.	She is the person that she helped me most.

Las oraciones de relativo son el pegamento que une las oraciones complejas. 🚀