This, That, These, Those Grammar

We use this, that, these, and those to point at people or things. The word we choose depends on two things: near or far? and singular or plural? 🎯

1. Near or Far? 📍

	Near (here) 🟢	Far (there) 🔵
Singular (one)	this	that
Plural (more than one)	these	those

2. Examples ✅

• This is my new phone. (singular, near)
• That man over there is my teacher. (singular, far)
• These are my keys. (plural, near)
• I need those boxes over there. (plural, far)

3. With a noun or without a noun 🔤

You can use this / that / these / those with a noun or alone (as a pronoun).

• This bag is mine. ✅ (with noun)
• This is mine. ✅ (without noun)
• I like that jacket. ✅ (with noun)
• I like that. ✅ (without noun)

4. Introducing people 🤝

We use this is to introduce someone in person or on the phone.

• Sara: "Hi Tom. This is my friend Lia."
• On the phone: "Hello, this is Mark speaking."

⚠️ Common mistakes to avoid:

• This pen in my hand is blue. ✅   That pen in my hand is blue. ❌
• These shoes are nice. ✅   These shoe are nice. ❌

Ready to practice? Let's go! 🚀